LiFePO4 Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries (LIP)

The lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO4 battery) or LFP battery (lithium ferrophosphate) is a type of lithium battery using lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode. Because of their low cost, high safety, low toxicity, long cycle life and other factors, LFP batteries are finding a number of roles in vehicle use, utility-scale stationary applications, and backup power. LFP batteries use Non-toxic chemistry - cobalt-free, no rare earth metals, making them more environmentally friendly. They are an incombustible design which can withstand harsh conditions that Australian remote power systems demand, with excellent resistance to heat, cold and high levels of vibration. They are ideal for portable battery installations such as those commonly found in recreational vehicles, 4WD's and caravans.

Safety

One important advantage over other lithium-ion chemistries is that Lithium Iron batteries have better thermal and chemical stability, which improves battery safety. LiFePO4 is an intrinsically safer cathode material than LiCoO2 and manganese dioxide spinels through omission of the cobalt, whose negative temperature coefficient of resistance can encourage thermal runaway. The PO bond in the PO4 ion is stronger than the Co–O bond in the CoO2 ion, so that when abused (short-circuited, overheated, etc.), the oxygen atoms are released more slowly. This stabilization of the redox energies also promotes faster ion migration. [reference]

Are LiFePO4 batteries safe?

LiFePO4 are the safest type of lithium battery because they are not prone to overheating and even if they're punctured, they won't catch on fire. The cathode material is also non-hazardous and therefore it poses no environmental or negative health hazards. [Reference]

Under Bonnet Applications

LiFePO4 batteries are intrinsically safe and do not present a fire hazard if involved in an accident, etc. However, due to their high current output capacities, a short circuit may cause issues, so mounting an appropriate fuse as close to the battery terminals as practical is good installation practice. Manufacturers do not recommend using LiFePO4 batteries under bonnet because the battery cycle life span can be effected by potentially high engine bay temperatures depending on mounting position, ambient bonnet heat, etc. For this reason, if you decide to use this battery in hostile environments, your warranty may be voided. See each manufacturers specifications for further details.

IMPORTANT NOTICE

zAustralian Law states batteries CANNOT be installed in a habitable area unless placed in a sealed enclosure. Please make sure your instalation complies with AS/NZS 3001.2:2022

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